ABSTRACT
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting the female population worldwide. Prognosis and management of breast cancer are influenced by variables such as stage, grade, and hormone receptor status. Tumours that express ER and/or PR have a better prognosis and most of them respond well to hormonal therapy. In addition to hormone receptors, HER2 has emerged in recent years as an important independent predictive marker.Methods: All surgically operated female cases of breast carcinoma which were submitted for immunohistochemistry test for estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in the Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College, Aurangabad for the duration of December 2015 to October 2017 were included in this prospective study. A total of 50 patients were taken up for the study.Results: The maximum age of the patients were in the 4th -5th decade and were mostly premenopausal. The tumour was maximum involving the right breast, upper outer quadrant and were BI-RADS 4. Majority were grade 2 and were invasive ductal carcinoma. Hormone receptor status showed ER positivity 48%, PR positivity 46% and HER2 positivity 28%.Conclusions: So, to conclude, immunohistochemical analysis of ER, PR and HER2 receptors is widely available at a reasonable cost and provides valuable prognostic, predictive and therapeutic information. Although we could see different patterns of hormonal receptor status, irrespective of the histological grade, type and lymph node status in our study, HER2 testing along with ER/PR status should be performed routinely in all the patients diagnosed of breast cancer as this will help the clinicians to manage the patients further.
ABSTRACT
Gout is most common arthritis in men and its prevalence increases with increased life expectancy. Untreated hyperuricemia lead to complication like renal impairment, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular complication. We are reporting here such a case of untreated hyperuricemia. A 45 years old male presented with polyarthritis having since 3 years. He is also a known case of hypertension and diabetes for last 6 months. Patient is on steroid for last 1 year. Patient presently has bilateral pedal edema, swelling of both knee joints, bilateral 1st metatarsophalangeal joint and tophaceous swelling in different areas of the bodies. On blood examination-raised serum uric acid, creatinine, blood urea level. Urine shows uric acid crystal and albuminuria. Synovial fluid shows uric acid crystals. Longterm untreated hyperuricemia associated with hypertension and cardiovascular and renal diseases. Therefore raised uric acid lead to multiple system disease involvement.